IoT-Enabled Smart Greenhouse System Powered by ESP32

Figure: 3D Model Isometric View in SketchUp

Project Overview

This Smart Greenhouse System, developed as a school engineering project, automates plant care by monitoring and adjusting environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light. The system combines IoT and automation to simplify indoor farming.

In this website, we will guide you through building your own smart greenhouse system, from selecting the right sensors and components to coding and integrating automation features. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced enthusiast, our step-by-step tutorials will help you create a sustainable and efficient greenhouse setup tailored to your needs.

Throughout the development process, we encountered several challenges:

Sensor Calibration: Ensuring accurate and consistent readings from sensors required extensive calibration and testing.
Power Management: Designing a power-efficient system capable of 24/7 operation was crucial, especially for maintaining continuous monitoring and control.
Data Synchronization: Keeping the data synchronized between the ESP32 and the Blynk cloud platform posed challenges, particularly with intermittent connectivity issues.
Component Integration: Integrating various components such as sensors, actuators, and communication modules into a cohesive system required careful planning and troubleshooting.
Environmental Factors: Accounting for environmental factors such as varying light conditions and temperature fluctuations was essential for reliable system performance.

1. Key Components

Component	Purpose
ESP32 Board	Central microcontroller for data processing
DHT22 Sensor	Measures temperature & humidity
Soil Moisture Sensor	Detects dry/wet soil conditions
Photoresistor	Monitors ambient light levels
Submersible Pump	Automated irrigation
2pcs - 5V Mini Fans	Temperature & humidity control
4-Channel Relay Module	Controls multiple electrical components
LED Grow Lights	Provides artificial light for plant growth
Lithium Batteries	Powers the system for off-grid use
Jumper Wires	Connects electronic components
Blynk IoT Platform	Remote monitoring & control

2. System Architecture

The ESP32 processes sensor data to control actuators, with real-time updates sent to the Blynk cloud for remote access.

3. Automation Logic

Watering: Pump activates when soil moisture < 30%
Cooling: Fan 1 triggers at temperatures > 28°C
Humidity Control: Fan 2 runs at humidity > 70%
Lighting: LED strips activate when ambient light < 50 lux

4. Programming Core

// Sensor Reading Example
    void readSensors() {
    humidity = dht.readHumidity();
    temperature = dht.readTemperature();
    moisture = analogRead(SOIL_SENSOR);
            
    if (moisture < 300) activatePump();
    if (temperature > 28) activateFan1();
    }

5. Remote Monitoring Interface

Using Blynk IoT, we created a dashboard showing real-time sensor data and manual controls:

Live temperature/humidity gauges
Soil moisture percentage display
Manual override switches for all actuators

6. Source Code

You can download the source code and instruction from the following links:

7. Future Improvements

Machine learning for predictive adjustments
Solar power integration
Mobile app with push notifications